Teaching demo

Supersonic

A plane makes pressure ripples that spread at the speed of sound. What happens when the plane flies faster than they do?

549 m/s cone angle μ = 39°

Why supersonic jet intakes are pointy

The wedge above is designed for Mach 2.0 — drag its flight-speed slider and watch the shock angle move off the cowl lip. Engines can only swallow slow air, so the intake's job is to use the shock itself as a brake — and that only works if the shock lands exactly on the lip. Concorde used flat adjustable ramps and the SR-71 slid its spikes in and out for exactly this reason: the geometry must chase the shock angle as Mach changes.

Model: ripples spread at the speed of sound (sin μ = 1/M for the cone); the intake shock uses the real oblique-shock θ–β–M relation for an 8° wedge (γ = 1.4). Scene not to scale — real booms come from ~11 km up.